Advances in inner magnetosphere and passive and active wave research

James L. Green and Shing F. Fung

This review identifies a number of the principal research advancements that have
occurred over the last five years in the study of electromagnetic (EM) waves in
the Earth's inner magnetosphere.  the observations used in this study are from
the plasma wave instruments and radio sounders on Cluster, IMAGE, Geotail, Wind,
Polar, Interball, and others. The data from passive plasma wave instruments have
led to a number of advances such as: determining the origin and importance of
whistler mode waves in the plasmasphere, discovery of the source of kilometric
continuum radiation, mapping AKR source regions with "pinpoint" accuracy, and
correlating the AKR source location with dipole tilt angle.  Active
magnetospheric wave experiments have shown that long range ducted and direct
echoes can be used to obtain the density distribution of electrons in the polar
cap and along plasmaspheric field lines, providing key information on
plasmaspheric filling rates and polar cap outflows.  

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The Inner Magnetosphere: Physics and Modeling, AGU Geophysical Monograph 155, 
181-202, 2005