Remote ion temperature measurements of EarthÕs magnetosphere: Medium energy 
neutral atom (MENA) images 

E.E. Scime, A.M. Keesee, J.-M. Jahn, J.L. Kline, C.J. Pollock, and M. Thomsen


Energy spectra of ENA images obtained with the MENA imager on the IMAGE
observatory are used to construct remote images of the plasma ion temperature.
The remotely measured ion temperatures are consistent with in-situ ion
temperature measurements. During the storm of August 12, 2000, the ion
temperatures on the dawn side of the magnetosphere are significantly lower than
the dusk side ion temperatures. Similar observations of ion temperature
asymmetry are presented for three other storm periods.

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Geophysical Research Letters, 29, 80, 2002