HF sounders for geospace plasma observations

Bodo W. Reinisch

Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences Department, Center for
Atmospheric Research, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 600 Suffolk Street, 
Lowell, MA 0185, USA, bodo_reinisch@uml.edu


Interferometric Doppler imaging has become an integral part in radio sounding of
geospace plasmas. Doppler and angle of arrival measurements have become important 
tools of ionospheric HF radio science. The state of the art in HF sounding and 
automated ionogram interpretation is reviewed in this paper.

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Presented at the 27th General Assembly of International Union of Radio 
Science (URSI), Maastricht, The Netherlands, August 17-24, 2002.